他扎罗汀的研究进展
4.2 痤疮 他扎罗汀凝胶用于治疗面部轻、中度寻常性痤疮安全、可靠、耐受性好。临床观察比较三种0.1%浓度药物治疗痤疮12周显示[10,11]：他扎罗汀有效率为78%，达芙文为52%，维A酸为49%。他扎罗汀可明显减少非炎症性和炎症性皮损，在暂短的局部刺激反应方面，达芙文小于他扎罗汀，后者又小于维A酸。他扎罗汀凝胶与克林霉素洗剂联合应用[16]，有效率优于单用他扎罗汀凝胶治疗；在减轻炎症方面，他扎罗汀和红霉素／过氧化苯甲酰凝胶联合使用，疗效明显优于其他配方。虽然他扎罗汀加克林霉素或他扎罗汀加红霉素过氧化苯甲酰的联合使用能减轻其单一治疗的副作用，但没有统计学上的明显差异；在减轻非炎症皮损方面，他扎罗汀凝胶单一治疗优于上述任何联合用药方案。提示优化方案为：非炎症性痤疮首选他扎罗汀单一治疗；炎症性痤疮联合用药。
4.3 角化异常性疾病[4] 他扎罗汀凝胶可有效治疗、改善角化过度、异常性疾病，如：毛囊角化病、融合性网状乳头瘤病、层板状鱼鳞病、寻常性鱼鳞病、黑棘皮病等。
4.4 毛囊皮脂腺疾病、表皮肿瘤和丘疹鳞屑性皮肤病[4]近年有报道他扎罗汀用于脂溢性皮炎、酒渣鼻、痤疮样皮炎、嗜酸细胞性毛囊炎、老年粉刺、小棘毛壅症；粉刺痣、线状疣状痣、疣状角化不良瘤；硬化性萎缩性苔藓、扁平苔藓、口腔肥厚型扁平苔藓[17]。
4.5 日光性损伤[18]24周临床实验采用0.1%他扎罗汀霜剂1次/d治疗563例面部日光性损伤，包括：细皱纹、斑状色素沉着、着色斑、弹性纤维变性、毛孔增大、不规则色素脱失、触摸粗糙、皮纹增粗、毛细血管扩张以及光线性角化病。结果显示明显减轻上述多种体征，总治疗成功率为50%，他扎罗汀酸血浆水平低于内源性维A酸标准。
4.6 皮肤癌前期病变及皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤初探 免疫缺陷（AIDS）、应用免疫抑制剂（器官移植），增加了产生皮肤癌前期病变(日光性角化、Bowen病)[19]的危险性。应适当防护皮肤的紫外线照射，严密观察，早期发现潜在的恶变损害。维A酸类药物（维A酸、他扎罗汀、达芙文）及5-Fu 霜已广泛应用于治疗癌前期病变，效果尚不肯定。FDA已准许应用口服倍克洛汀（bexarotene：RXR seletive retinoid）治疗各期的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL)(MF，Sezary综合征)[20]，口服剂量在300mg/m（2）/d，总体治疗反应率可达48%。局部皮损外用凝胶，同时结合系统检测及系统治疗。?
5 展望
维A酸类药物未来研究的基本策略是要解决新类似物的受体亚型及功能选择性问题，随着分子水平研究的进展，新一代具有受体选择性（RAR相对RXR和RAR亚型）和功能选择性（激动剂和拮抗剂，正性和负性基因调节因子）的维A酸类药物会得到进一步发展，适用于独特疾病的应用并改善治疗指征。多种受体—功能选择性维A酸类药物的发展会在治疗银屑病、痤疮，毛囊皮脂腺、丘疹鳞屑性、光线性皮肤病，肿瘤，Kaposi肉瘤，CTCL方面起到重要作用。他扎罗汀与卤倍他索、钙泊三醇、焦油类等联合用药时，变化性及稳定性研究尚未成熟，有待发展。开拓本药新的适应症、最佳联合治疗方案是临床医生需要努力的方向。?
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