血红素加氧酶
4 小结与展望
HO1性质、功能与调控已日益引起人们的关注。大量研究表明HO1对氧化损伤所引起多种疾病具有保护作用。HO1催化血红素降解的3个产物CO、胆红素和铁蛋白是发挥细胞保护作用的关键分子。虽然每个产物独自作用时都有保护作用,但是细胞保护作用主要是三者协同作用的结果。当应激发生时,适量HO1的诱导产生,能维护细胞自身稳定,实现对细胞的保护。目前加拿大研究人员利用经改造过的病毒为载体,把额外的HO1基因副本释放到实验鼠的心脏组织,使其在缺血、缺氧情况下能迅速地制造出大量的HO1蛋白,以减轻心脏病发作对心肌的损伤。目前对HO1的研究已有很大进展,但HO1的分子结构、催化反应机制、调控系统尚未得到很好了解,有待进一步探索;3种降解产物之间的相互作用关系还知之甚少。进一步探索HO1以及血红素催化产物的细胞保护机制、HO1生成量调控已成为下一步研究的重点。相信在不久的将来,HO1将会成为一种有效的治疗药物应用于临床。
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